Uterine fibroids, known as leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths within or on a woman's uterus. They may be minuscule (the size of a pea) or occasionally similar to a large grapefruit.
The ovaries produce oestrogen, the female reproductive hormone. Fibroids typically form during a woman's reproductive years, from approximately age 16 to 50, when oestrogen levels peak.
These growths tend to diminish in size when estrogen levels decrease, as seen after menopause, when a woman's menstrual cycles cease.
Fibroids can appear anywhere within the uterus and can vary significantly in size, ranging from being as small as a pea to as large as a melon. They can be categorised into three main types:
Additionally, some subserosal and submucosal fibroids are connected to the uterus by a slender stalk of tissue, and these are referred to as pedunculated fibroids.
The exact cause of uterine fibroids is not fully understood. However, several risk factors may increase the risk of developing uterine fibroids.
Many women with uterine fibroids are asymptomatic (have no symptoms), although certain symptoms may be experienced, for example:
Fibroids are more likely to cause symptoms when they are large, when multiple fibroids are present, or when located in specific areas within the uterus. The symptoms associated with fibroids often improve when a person reaches menopause and no longer experiences menstrual periods.
Your doctor would first question your general health and symptoms before conducting a thorough physical examination. Diagnosis is made based on your reported symptoms, physical examination, and investigations.
Treatment for fibroids may not be required if you are asymptomatic (do not experience any symptoms) or if you only have mild symptoms that do not significantly disrupt your daily activities.
Nonetheless, if fibroids persist, your doctor might recommend some of the following treatment options.
Medications for symptoms
Surgery
Surgery may be suggested if your symptoms are severe and medication has been ineffective. The main surgical procedures used to treat fibroids include:
Non-surgical procedures
Non-surgical procedures are also available to treat fibroids. They include:
While most uterine fibroids do not cause significant health problems, it is crucial to seek medical attention if you suspect you have uterine fibroids or are experiencing symptoms.
The probability of complications depends on various factors, including the location and size of the fibroids. Large fibroids may be a cause for infertility.
Fibroids may cause complications during pregnancy, such as premature labour, preterm birth, and foetal malpresentation. They may also increase the risk of miscarriage.
Read more: Fibroids vs Cysts: How Do They Differ?
Discussing the best treatment option with your healthcare provider is essential to determine what is most appropriate for you.
A dedicated and expert team of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists at Pantai Hospital is available for consultation to provide the best care and assistance. Get in touch with us to book an appointment today if you have any concerns or questions regarding your reproductive health.
For health screening appointments, please contact the Health Screening Centre at your nearest Pantai Hospital.
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